| Present (वर्तमानकाल) |
Past (भूतकाल) |
Future (भविष्यत काल) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | ता है, ती है, ते हैं Do / Does |
ता था, ती थे, ते थे Did (Not Action Verbs) |
गा, गी, गे Shall / Will |
| Continuous | रहा है, रही है, रहे हैं Is / Am / Are + V4 |
रहा था, रही थी, रहे थे Was / Were + V4 |
रहा होगा, रही होगी, रहे होंगे Shall be / Will be + V4 |
| Perfect | चुका है, चुकी है, चुके हैं Has / Have + V3 |
चुका था, चुकी थी, चुके थे Had + V3 |
चुका होगा, चुकी होगी, चुके होंगे Shall have / Will have + V3 |
| Perfect Continuous | रहा, रही, रहे + हैं Has/Have + been + V4 |
रहा, रही, रहे + था Had been + V4 |
रहा, रही, रहे + होगा Will / Shall Have Been + V4 |
Table of Contents:
Do / Does (ता है, ती है, ते हैं)
It can be defined as an action that is done in the present however there is no definite time limit for it to be accomplished. For example:
To describe a universal truth:
For e.g.सूरज पूरब में उगता है।
(Sooraj poorab mein ugata hai.)
The sun rises in the east.
पृथ्वी सूर्य के चारों ओर घूमती है।
(Prthvee soory ke chaaron or ghoomatee hai.)
The earth revolves around the sun.
For describing an action happening in the present.
For e.g.समीरा गाना गाती है।
(Sameera gaana gaatee hai.)
Samira sings a song.
लड़के फुटबॉल मैच खेलते हैं।
(Ladake phutabol maich khelate hain.)
Boys play a football match.
For activities of habitual nature.
For e.g.सुनील हमेशा सच बोलता है।
(Suneel hamesha sach bolata hai.)
Sunil always speaks the truth.
मैं कभी झूठ नहीं बोलता।
(main kabhee jhooth nahin bolata.)
I never tell a lie.
For events scheduled in the near future.
For e.g.मेरा स्कूल अगले हफ्ते खुलता है।
(Mera skool agale haphte khulata hai.)
My school opens next week.
Is / Am / Are + V4 (रहा है, रही है, रहे हैं)
The present continuous tense indicates that an action is happening now and may continue into the future. This tense helps readers understand when the action is happening. For example
Things that are happening at the moment of speaking:
For e.g.मैं इस समय काम कर रहा हूं।
(main is samay kaam kar raha hoon.)
I`m working at the moment.
पिंकू सो रही है।
(pinkoo so rahee hai.)
Pinku is sleeping.
For describing temporary or new habits:
For e.g.वह इन दिनों खूब खा रहे हैं।
(vah in dinon khoob kha rahe hain.)
He is eating a lot these days.
आप बहुत ज्यादा पी रहे हैं।
(aap bahut jyaada pee rahe hain.)
You are drinking too much.
Describing habits that are not regular, but that happens very often:
For e.g.आप हमेशा के लिए अपनी चाबी खो रहे हैं!
(aap hamesha ke lie apanee chaabee kho rahe hain!)
You are forever losing your keys!
हमेशा मुस्कुराता रहता है मोहित!
(hamesha muskuraata rahata hai mohit!)
Mohit is always smiling!
Also use is for definite future arrangements:
For e.g.मैं कल अपने भाई से मिल रहा हूँ।
(main kal apane bhaee se mil raha hoon.)
I`m meeting my brother tomorrow.
मैं दो बजे जा रहा हूँ
(main do baje ja raha hoon)
I`m leaving at two.
Has / Have + V3 (चुका है, चुकी है, चुके हैं)
The present perfect tense refers to an action that either occurred at an unspecified time in the past or began in the past and continued to the present time. For example:
Has/Have + been + V4 (रहा, रही, रहे + हैं)
It can be defined as an action that has started in the past and is continuing at the present time. For example:
Did (ता था, ती थे, ते थे)
The past indefinite tense, also known as simple past tense, is used to indicate completed action that happened in the past. For example:
Was / Were + V4 (रहा था, रही थी, रहे थे)
The past continuous tense, also known as past progressive tense, refers to a continuing action that was happening at some point in the past. For example:
Had + V3 (चुका था, चुकी थी, चुके थे)
The past perfect tense is used to talk about actions that were completed / occurred before another action in the past. For example:
Had been + V4 (रहा, रही, रहे + था)
The past perfect continuous tense, also know as past perfect progressive tense, is used to describe an action which continued for a specific period of a time but stopped before another action. For example:
Shall / Will (गा, गी, गे)
The future indefinite tense, also known as simple future, is used to talk about things that haven`t happened yet. For example:
Shall be / Will be + V4 (रहा होगा, रही होगी, रहे होंगे)
The future continuous tense, sometimes also referred to as the future progressive tense, is used to indicate those action that will occur in the future and continue for an expected length of time. For example:
Shall have / Will have + V3 (चुका होगा, चुकी होगी, चुके होंगे)
The future perfect tense is used to indicate actions that will be completed before some other point in the future. For example:
Will / Shall Have Been + V4 (रहा, रही, रहे + होगा)
The future perfect continuous, also sometimes called the future perfect progressive, tense describes actions that will continue up until a point in the future. For example: